How Were The Us Soldiers Affected By The Vietnam War

Bailey Stout Connolly US History Date How were the US soldiers affected by the Vietnam War The war in Vietnam was a war against communism that tore apart the US. The United States of America plunged together with its allies and played a tremendous role as far as fight against communism is concerned. A huge number of American soldiers were deployed in Vietnam a practice that coupled with much unpreparedness. The soldiers were not aware what exactly they were up to in Vietnam. Most Americans at the time were very much against the act. It was one of the most deliberating wars America plunged herself into and the only one to have been lost. Most intriguing is the amount of publicity and media buzz created by the film industry. Vietnam War was the topic of many television networks, music and Hollywood. Journalist and veterans and scholar were never left behind and went ahead to produce tones of literature on the legacies and lessons to be learnt from the war (Hochgesang, Lawyer, and Stevenson). The exploitation of the soldiers and rejection of the veterans created just as m uch interest as the war had created. One such commentary came from George Kennan, who depicted the war as one of the most disastrous mission The United States has ever undertaken (Westheider 155-159).. This essay will establish the effects the war had to the US soldiers. The humiliating defeat of the war was probably one of the worst driving influential factors in what the veterans later suffered.Show MoreRelatedImpact of Vietnam War on American Culture1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War began in the year 1954, after the ascension to power of Ho Chi Minh, who was a communist leader in North Vietnam. The leader was spreading communism, and because the United States wanted to stop the spread, it sent military troops to aid South Vietnamese to stop this vice. The war saw about 3million people die with the inclusion of 58,000 American soldiers. About 150,000 people were wounded during the war. In 1975, South Vietnamese government surrendered the war after the communistRead More V ietnam War Essay578 Words   |  3 PagesGeneration in War and Turmoil: The Agony of Vietnam It has been known that the Vietnam War affected many American soldiers who were involved in the war physically and psychologically. The Vietnam War was one of the most memorable wars in history. Many Americans’ lives lost for no objective at all. Chapter 10 informed us about how the Vietnam War started and what really happened during that time. It also gave us background information about Vietnam Veterans and nurses who were involved in the war and whatRead MoreThe Cold War Times : A Theory Of Containment1073 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1: During cold war times, the US’ had a theory of containment. Containment made to stop the spread of communism, because it was thought that if the US could not stop communist countries than it could work on stopping communism from spreading. In 1954, Vietnam was able to become independent from France. The country was divided along the 17th parallel, and North Vietnam and South Vietnam were created. Ho Chi Minh led North Vietnam and i t had a communistic government, which was supported byRead MoreAn American War976 Words   |  4 Pages American involvement in Vietnam was largely in response to Cold War polices and Strategies. Kennedy took a much more laid back approach to Vietnam than Eisenhower did. He only wanted to support the South and not give them direct military aid by getting involved. Kennedy believed that the nations themselves should bear the burden of fighting the war and America would merely give them supplies and political support. However, the administration’s attempt to help the South largely failed because neitherRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was A Long And Bloody1502 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War was a long and bloody one. The war began on November 1, 1955 and ended on April 30, 1975. The war lasted nearly 20 years. Over this period, 9,087,000 men from United States were deployed, 58,220 were killed and more than 300,000 were wounded. The war also killed an estimated 2 million Vietnamese civilians, 1.1 million North Vietnamese troops, and 200,000 South Vietnamese troops. The Vietnam War was the first war America ever lost and this lost would lead to a heavy impact on theRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was Like No War Before1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War was like no war before. America got involved in Vietnam to preserve a non-communist South Vietnam, but in the end, the government and the country fell to communist North Vietnam. The US had never experienced such a military defeat in its history. The causes of this monumental defeat may not have been clear at first, but through memoirs such as Philip Caputo s Rumor of War and other historical accounts of t he war, we now have a better sense of what truly led to America s loss. AsRead MoreReaction to The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien1706 Words   |  7 Pagesand many of his fellow soldiers endured during a single year in Vietnam. He tells these stories in a way that we can connect to these experiences. We never spent time in Vietnam, but O Brien wants us to feel like we were there. O Brien uses what he calls story-truth to write these stories. The outcome or the people may be different but the feeling is real; that s the truth in the story, the feeling. He wants us to feel what he felt, see what he saw. He doesn t just tell us what was happening exactly;Read MoreWhat Are the Causes of the Vietnam War1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes, Events, and Aftermath of the Vietnam War. Digital History. The Vietnam War. Digital History. 30 Sept. 2010. Web. 30 Sept. 2010. . The Vietnam War started as a disagreement between communist North Vietnam and anti-communist South Vietnam. Before this disagreement was a war between Vietnam and the French. Vietnam received 2.6 billion dollars in financial support from the United States between 1945 and 1954. Nixon, who was President of the United States at the time,Read MoreThe Containment Policy Was Aimed At Ending The Spread Of Communism1595 Words   |  7 PagesUS containment policy was aimed at ending the spread of communism. How the above plan was put into action after the Soviet Union made several attempts to stretch to Africa, China, Korea, Vietnam and Eastern Europe. How the restriction made it impossible for nations to be seen as distinct, with varying histories, cultures and predicaments. Vietnam being a highly varied nation with an extensive past on the elongated journey for their independence, losing their identity was not a very welcome idea toRead MoreThe Anti-War Movement in the United States During the late 1960s and Early 1970s1683 Words   |  7 PagesAnti-War Movement in the United States During the late 1960s and Early 1970s By 1967 a national movement against the war had developed. Some of the opposition came from socialists or radicals who sympathized with the Vietnamese and wanted to help create a united, independent, Vietnam. Pacifists were also against the war because they believe that all war is wrong. Other people just believed that the war was not worth the lives of American men. The Vietnam War was mainly

Information Is Transmitted By Media - 912 Words

Information is transmitted by media. The important thing is to forward the information, so one has knowledge of the subject. That is why television, newspapers, and the Internet can inform people about different things. It is true that information through the newspaper can be provided as it is a way of communication. Today, many people still read the newspaper, but many things have change. Many people have stopped reading encyclopedias, newspapers, and books, because everything can be found on the Internet. However, the internet has made the rate of reading the newspaper decrease. While publishing a newspaper certain arguments that are in it; many people eat breakfast and spend time at home reading the newspaper, not everyone is up to date with technology and / or do not have the resources to use it, and analyze and be aware of things that go on around us on a daily basis. Although a newspaper might be wrongly interpreted, it is still a very useful, easy access and common way of gett ing information. First, in the morning, many people read the newspaper as they eat breakfast, as a good way of communication and gathering news. That is because hearing is not the only way to get informed, like when watching television. Reading the newspaper is also a way of entertainment. Everyone likes to drink good coffee in the mornings enjoying the news that the newspaper provides. Especially if it is such an important and interesting topic like autism. It does not take much to open aShow MoreRelatedSexually Transmitted Diseases And Younger Population Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesSexually Transmitted Diseases and Younger Population Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are Infectious diseases that can spread during sexual contact. Sexually transmitted diseases are common and can be prevented. In the communities of United States, it is a health concern among adolescents and young adults. This young population of ages 15 to 24 years old, are most at risk for sexually transmitted diseases. For these reasons, adolescents and young adults are an excellent group for health promotionRead MoreDisadvantages Of Sex Education1734 Words   |  7 PagesSex education helps people gain the information, skills and motivation to make healthy decisions about sex and initially assists with determining their individual sexuality. Unfortunately, when most students are done with sex education classes, they do not have a clear understanding of contraception and safe sex practices and the benefits they allow for. Almost everything revolves around sex or doing drugs and the peer and media pressure that follows is unwavering. Although we have a handful ofRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Allowed? High Schools?878 Words   |  4 Pagesallowed in high schools? This has been a controversial issue nationwide for over a decade. The American culture is immensely sexually oriented. Sex can be seen through the media and with the younger generation being heavily influenced by technology; they cannot avoid it. In light of this, many of the youth today lack information on sex which highlights the problem. Some people believe that sex education only diminishes one’s rectitude because they feel that sex education encourages the students toRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Media1011 Words   |  5 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Mass Media Mass media is one of the fastest medium of exchange of information which capture audience attention and interest, for example, television and radio is said to be the best Mass Media. A Mass Media to be effective must be accessible to the target audience and able to hold audience attention and interest. Therefore, this essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Mass Media. The first advantage of mass media is peace and reconciliation. In theRead MoreDigital Communication, Data, And Codes1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe transposition of information. When representing all characters on a keyboard, an exclusive pattern of 7 or 8 bits in size is used. The use of 7 bits means that 128 different elements can be represented, while 8 bits can represent 256 elements. At the receiving end the process is reversed to show the character key strike instead of the binary code. The most commonly used code patterns are the Extended Binary Coded Decimal (EBCDIC) and the American Standard Code for Information Interchange codes (ASCII)Read MoreSexually Transmitted Disease Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesRunning head: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases More than 12 million Americans, 3 million of whom are teenagers, are affected with STDs each year. In 1995 STDs accounted for 87 percent of all cases reported among the top ten most frequently reported diseases in the United States. Since 1980, eight new sexually transmitted pathogens have been recognized in the United States. STDs may cause serious, life threatening complications including cancersRead MoreSexual Education Classes Should Be Taught1168 Words   |  5 Pagespregnant or had a sexually transmitted disease because of unprotected sex? Would you only care once it’s too late? Wouldn’t you wish you could have prevented what you thought you were incapable of ever dealing with? Surprisingly to many, unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases can be preventable with the proper education. Sexual Education classes should be mandatorily taught in public schools to benefit the adolescents who are more susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases, who are s exuallyRead MoreAlize Johnson. Mr. Sidney. British Literature . March 27,1280 Words   |  6 Pagesall over the world can’t seem to get over. In the world of 2017, constant acknowledgement in social media indicates that the topic is important. From my personal experience of being a highschool student with classmates who are soon-to-be teenage mothers , the awareness of sexuality in teenagers became more and more important to me. The first step to clarifying and identifying the impact of social media and parental influence on sexuality in teenagers is to monitor the actual exposure to sexual contentRead MoreChanges in Technology, Impact on Media, and Media’s Impact on Society900 Words   |  4 PagesChanges in Technology, Impact on Media, and Media’s Impact on Society Introduction Technology has certainly been changing over the years. In recent years, changes in technology changes have increase at an exponential rate. Among the most instrumental changes in technology are those that have enabled better service provision by multimedia service providers. This work explores technological changes in migration from analog to digital television transmission and changes in internet technology. ChangesRead MoreSexuality And Its Effect On Children Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pagessocial media, sexual images can be found with the click of a mouse. Here lies a great contradiction. If sex is so easily portrayed in media, why is so hard to talk about? Becoming educated about sexuality and achieving optimal sexual health and well-being should be lifelong developmental process that begins at an early age and continues throughout the lifespan. Although parents should be the initial educators for their children, children also absorb messages about sexuality from many of media sources

The Melbourne Coffee for Business Capstone Project By Traders

Question: Discuss about the Melbourne Coffee for Business Capstone Project. Answer: Introduction: Coffeeis the world's most traded agricultural commodity. Thetradeis valued over US$15 billion and annually almost 100 million bags ofcoffee are moved around the world. Coffeewas introduced into Papua New Guinea (PNG) in the 1950s and is now that country's second most important agricultural product (Allen, B. 2014). Coffee is not just drink it is a global commodity. Good coffee is practically considered as a birthright and the fever of coffee in Melbourne has beaten Rome, Sydney and Vienna in terms of serving best coffee in the world. Melbourne is the most important coastal city of Australia and it is also known as creative capital of the country. The coffee cafs of Melbourne are the culture of the city and it is a very unique part of the lives of the people living there. The Bluestone Lane which is inspired by the world's renowned coffee culture is found in Melbourne Australia. The coffee culture of Melbourne is actually made up of layers and sophistication. The coffee is the part of Melbourne's fabric and DNA. Nobody can copy Melbourne's coffee culture due to its distinct climate, people and tradition. Melbourne is often referred to as the coffee capital of the world. Melbourne's caf culture is known for its heritage passed within generations. The Australian city of Melbourne in the state of Victoria is all about being a location for coffee with a 'plus', and this is observable in its caf culture which is not confined to just excellent coffee - but an experience that goes well beyond in many ways. During the last few decades, coffee has evolved from the popular espresso and latte to a more refined, gourmet beverage with connoisseurs analyzing the different roasts, flavor profiles and blends of the beans. Currently the young Australian entrepreneurs are also taking interest in cafes and coffee business. As the country is obsessed with coffee Australian culture shun American style drip coffee and prefer espresso(Adams, 2012). The total revenue expected from coffee business in Australia during the year 2912 to 2017 is 6 billion dollar. The coffee market of the country is growing at the rate of 7.2 percent. Total number of workers employed in the coffee business in the country is around 71,957 and a total of 14411 business firms are involved in the coffee business in the country(Clark, 2013). The current culture of coffee in the country is showing a high-expected growth in the coming years. In the last five years the coffee cafes and shops have expanded and becoming increasingly diverse. The growing number of specialty cafes and coffee shops and culture of Australia have resulted in a high industry competition, low industry concentration and low barriers to entry (Clark, 2013). To meet the rising demands from boutique specialty roasters for high quality green beans, an organization under the name of Melbourne Coffee Merchants has been established in the year 2008. MCM supply coffee around the Australia. According to the Dan Gallo CEO of Melbourne coffee chain Degani Caf the total coffee retail market of worth $ 3.2 million are driven by local independents. The coffee market of the city is growing at about 2.37 percent every year(Adams et al., 2016). There is a degree of latent demand of coffee in the city market. In the next few years the city will face the shortage of high quality coffee beans which will ultimately higher prices until the supply meets the demand. In the last 20 years the size of coffee retailers has been increased from 1560 to 4768 coffee retailers(Adams et al., 2016). The major reason behind this sudden growth in the retail business of coffee seeds is that a huge number of cafes and coffee shops have developed in Melbourne. Consequently, there has been an unprecedented rise in the demand of coffee beans all across the city. The biggest coffee chains in Melbourne are Gloria Jeans Coffee (a total of 79 stores), Hudsons Coffee (30 stores), McCafe (housed in 118 McDonalds stores), Starbucks Coffee (25 stores) and The Coffee Club (22 stores)(Adams et al., 2016). Noneof them owns more than six percent share of the total coffee market of the city. In terms of total revenue share of coffee shops in Melbourne in different product offerings, coffee sales is contributed 51 percent of the total revenue of all the coffee shops in the city. Other beverages like tea, hot chocolate and milkshakes contributed 21.5 percent and other food like sandwiches, eggs and toast, cookies etc contributed the remaining 27.5 percent of the total revenue (Adams et al., 2016). To conclude the topic, it is clear that (based on the research information) Australian cities plays a significant role in the world coffee business and is in a fast growing phase. Among all those cities Melbourne is well known for its unique coffee culture, which has operated over the years in a massive scale. The most eruptive point to notice is the massive growth of the sales of the industry and the expectancy to boom so. This will open new market opportunities for many individual and sophisticated investors to participate in a dramatic scale over the coming decade and onwards. However, according to the research not all the new entrants will survive, the expected quality and existing rivalry is so high that you cannot survive without something special. The Arabica coffee beans are considered as one of the best coffee beans around the world. It will be a very interesting fact to see the effect of this quality coffee beans make to the industry in Melbourne. Melbourne coffee traders Australian Coffee Trade Association Inc is the coffee association of the country. Currently sustainable coffee is considered as the biggest growth sector in the coffee industry. The annual growth rate of sustainable coffee in the country is between 10 percent and 20 percent. The growth rate of sustainable coffee even exceeds the growth rate of specialty coffee whose growth rate is between 5 percent and 10 percent per year(McKay, 2016). As a summary, the Australian coffee merchants are following a direct trade mechanism, which helps them to deal with coffee producers in a straightforward method. They use this to build numerous relationships with the coffee growers and to negotiate better deals with due diligence and care. The expected quality and governance mechanisms are so high where merchants are not only looking for the best quality beans but also the sustainable growing patterns. Major Types of Coffee Beans that are being Used by the Traders in Melbourne: There is no gain re-stating the fact that Melbourne is considered to be one of the most caffeine-crazed cities in the entire world. Consequently, it is needless to say that the huge consumption of coffee by its residents is accompanied by an incredible high demand for a rich variety of coffee beans. While analyzing and assessing the prospect of importing and selling Colombian Arabica coffee in Melbourne, it would be discreet to know the kinds of coffee beans used by the traders in Melbourne at present. First of all, the most popular coffee bean in the cafes and the coffee bars of the city, is the high quality green bean. The most impressive feature of these beans is that they come with the guarantee of a superior flavor, and added to that its rich variety of flavor, such as Geisha or Bourbon, make it a favorite among the coffee consumers. Next, apart from these fine high quality green beans, the traders also sell freshly roasted coffee beans. These beans are unbeatable in taste and its power in intoxicating the senses of the consumer, and are widely appreciated for its freshness (Saerens et al. 2016). The blended coffee beans offering the traditional coffee taste are also traded here. For example, the Classic Italian blend, Hipster Barista Blend, or the Melbourne Espresso Blend, are highly popular in the coffee market of Melbourne. Besides, the sale of other coffee beans such as Papua New Guinea Beans and Kenyan Wamuguma beans deserve special mention here. Current Practice for Obtaining Coffee Beans as Used by the Melbourne Traders: The process of obtaining coffee seeds from the other part of the city or the world is important, as it enlightens the method by which the Melbourne traders import coffee, and thereby engage in the coffee trading industry. First of all, these traders purchase the coffee beans, from the wholesalers who are responsible for supplying and delivering the most popular coffee beans to the respective traders. The Bennetts, the Crop to Cup, or First Crop Coffee are some of the most popular and recognized coffee beans wholesalers, who are responsible for connecting the coffee traders of Melbourne with the coffee producers of different regions of the world. Besides, the non-profit organizations such as Australian Coffee Traders Association (ACTA) or Coffee and Nut Trading also help the traders obtain high quality coffee seeds from other parts of the world (Walters and Broom 2013). The brokers play an important role in providing the traders with the coffee beans in Melbourne. It is important to n ote here that a huge number of suppliers are selling coffee beans online as well, whereby the coffee products are ordered by the traders through the website, and the same are being delivered via the Australia Post e-parcel service. These online sites sell a variety of coffee beans available at a variety of prices. Current practice of Logistics: The logistics management of any product is very important as an effective logistic system helps in the growth in the sale of the product in a consumer market. As it has been already discussed above, the coffee beans are primarily imported from different parts of the world, or different regions of the country, via brokers or the online coffee trading sites. While the coffee beans are transported, the shipping process is properly taken care of (Ye and Wu 2014). The coffee beans are highly sensitive to moisture, and hence require to be shipped in woven bags, that enable free circulation of air. Hence, the protection and the ventilation measures require to be adopted in a cargo ship, while shipping the beans. The LIS, also known as the Logistics Information System plays an important role here, as the transfer of the data from one end to the other is highly important for enabling proper management of both the physical system as well as the consumer orders. The transport managers for examp le are responsible for collecting and passing on the information, such as the status summaries of the movement of goods. As far as the distribution of the goods is concerned, the coffee seeds are distributed via different online and retail intermediaries. Import Mechanism Practiced in Melbourne: The import mechanism practiced in Melbourne by the coffee traders is quite simple and effective. In case, the coffee products are entering from any foreign country, the process of importing however is not going to be too easy. Te coffee beans, while entering the city from any other country, will require to be enquired and examined by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) authority. Besides, any coffee product that will be arriving in Australia from a foreign country, for commercial purpose, must have a phytosanitary certificate, along with an invoice, packing list as well as the ICO certification (Adams 2012). While the coffee beans are usually duty free, a merchandise processing fee and a harbor maintenance fee will be applicable. Overall coffee trading As per the market report the global production forecast for coffee production for the coming year will be around 154 million bags. The biggest coffee producer countries are Brazil (52 million bags), Vietnam (30.4 million bags), Indonesia (11.2 million bags), Colombia and the America's (12 million bags), Africa (1 million bags) etc.(Adams, 2012). On the other hand global demand for coffee beans is expected to be lower. In the year 2014-15 the total consumption of coffee was seen at 150.2 million bags but for the year 2015-16 the total consumption will likely to be flat (Adams, 2012). The import of coffee beans by Australia was growing at the rate of 5 to 10 percent every year till 2015 but the total import of coffee beans was flat in the year 2016(Adams, 2010). Australia imports coffee from a number of countries. The imported beans are both arabica and robusta. Arabica is mostly used in roasted market and robusta is mostly used in the instant coffee market. Traditionally the biggest exporter to Australia is Papua New Guinea followed by Vietnam. Indonesia, Brazil, India, Thailand, Colombia and Costa Rica are the other coffee supplier countries for Australia (Adams, 2010). Importing coffee can be used as the most rational method since Australia does not have the relative advantage of natural resources such as climate and cheap labor compared to the other coffee grown nations. This implies us the notion of the absolute advantage theory where a country must specialize in the products which it has an advantage of producing. In conclusion, to fulfill the needs and requirements of the market associated with demanded quality and quantity, it is better to import good quality coffee from the bigger and better producers than focusing on the small and different quality domestic production. Australia Total Coffee Consumption In the past year Australia served 1.5 million cups of coffee out of which 43 percent of cups were preferred of lette coffee followed by followed by 20 percent ordering flat whites and 12 percent of ordering cappuccinos(McKay, 2016). The 16 percent of coffee cups were made up of hot chocolate, iced beverages, teas, mochas, filter coffees, chai lattes and other unspecified beverages.The rest 9 percent cups were preferred for long blacksand espresso coffee. In terms of size the small coffees take 80.7 percent market size of total coffee market(McKay, 2016). Coffee is deeply embedded in the culture of the country and this is the reason behind the preference of coffee over tea by the local people of Australia. Australians are one of the highest consumers of instant coffee in the world. Australians prefer to but outside coffee(McKay, 2016). Australia is a significant consumer of tea but in the recent year the preference has been shifted towards coffee consumption. In terms of coffee consumption Unfiltered coffee and mesh-filtered coffee is the most preferred coffee in Australia. These forms of coffee have high levels of cafestol and kahweol(Chen Hu, 2010). In the terms of service quality the coffee outlets of the country are increasingly becoming competitive in providing effective service quality to its customers. Service quality influences the symbolic and functional value of customers. As per the study conducted by Chen and Hu (2009), coffee consumption in a coffee outlet is not just the matter of getting symbolic values and functional values but it is the matter of traditional customer values. Symbolic values in service quality include social, aesthetic, emotional and reputational values. The core attributes coffee quality and FB play an important role in driving value perception of a coffee outlet in Australia. The se two core attributes play major role in influencing customer's judgment in terms of symbolic and functional values(Chen Hu, 2010). A study was conducted by Wanget al. (2015) to analyze the coffee and caffeine consumption and depression. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between coffee intake and risk of depression. Espresso coffee is getting growth in Australian market as compared to roast and ground coffee market. To study the results data was collected from 11 articles. A total of 330677 participants were taken from the seven studies in the coffee depression analysis. A random-effects model was selected for the study with 95 percent confidence level. The result of the study stated that there is a significant association between coffee and caffeine consumption along with decreased risk of association. In Australia coffee drinking has become an everyday common pursuit. The society of the Australia seems unable to function without the intake of coffee every day. Third wavers of Australia separate themselves from espresso drinkers through their sophisticated flavors and taste of coffee (W ang et al., 2015). Colombian Arabica coffee In the year 2015 total amount of coffee export by the country was amounted at 30.5 US million dollars. Colombia is the world's leading producer of mild washed Arabica coffee. It produced a total of 1.3 million coffee bags (60 kg each) in the year 2015 which was a 10 percent increase as compared to the year 2014. Colombia is the second biggest coffee producer of coffee. In terms of Arabica coffee is it the largest producer of Arabica coffee. Arabica coffee is considered the highly quality bean of coffee. Colombia export coffee to many countries. The biggest importers of coffee from Colombia are United States, Germany, Japan, Italy and other European countries (Brien Adams, 2012). References Adams, J., 2010. Thoroughly modern coffee. Text Journal, (8), pp.1-13. Adams, J.E., 2012. Marketing Tea against a Turning Tide: Coffee and the Tea Council of Australia 19631974.M/C Journal,15(2). Adams, J., 2012. Australia's American coffee culture. The Australasian Journal of Popular Culture, 2(1), pp.23-36. [Accessed 2016]. Adams, J.E., 2012. Marketing Tea against a Turning Tide: Coffee and the Tea Council of Australia 19631974. M/C Journal, 15(2), p.8. Adams, B., Gans, J., Hayes, R. Lampe, R., 2016. Does Organizational Form Drive Competition? Evidence from Coffee Retailing. NBER Working Paper No. 22548, 1(1), pp.1-29. Allen, B. 2014, "FROM MODERN PRODUCTION TO IMAGINED PRIMITIVE: The Social World of Coffee from Papua New Guinea",Pacific Affairs,vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 198-200 Brien, D.L. Adams, J., 2012. Coffee: A Cultural and Media Focussed Approach. M/C journal, 15(2). Chen, P.-T. Hu, H.-H., 2010. How determinant attributes of service quality influence customer-perceived value. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(4), pp.535-51. Clark, L., 2013. Taking on the coffee competition. B T Weekly: Trade Journals. McKay, B., 2016. Coffee Consumption: Evil Foe or Helpful Friend? Australian Medical Student Journal, 1(1). Patterson, P.G., Scott, J. Uncles, M.D., 2010. How the local competition defeated a global brand: The case of Starbucks. Australasian Marketing Journal, 18, pp.41-47. Saerens, S. and Swiegers, J.H., Chr. Hansen A/S, 2016. Enhancement Of Coffee Quality And Flavor By Using Pichia Kluyveri Yeast Starter Culture For Coffee Fermentation. U.S. Patent 20,160,058,028 Walters, P. and Broom, A., 2013. More than one billion cups of coffee are consumed in cafs, restaurants, and other outlets each year in Australia, with an increase of 65 percent over the last 10 years. 1 While Australia is still lagging behind nations such as Italy and Japan in terms of drinking coffee outside the home (Ryan.Caf Society, p.185. Wang, L., Shen, X., Wu, Y. Zhang, D., 2015. Coffee and caffeine consumption and depression: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50(3), pp.228-42. Adams, J.E., 2012. Marketing Tea against a Turning Tide: Coffee and the Tea Council of Australia 19631974.M/C Journal,15(2). Ye, H. and Wu, J., 2014. Selection of a Logistics Service Provider Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Approach: A case study of Swedish Coffee ManufacturerGevalia.

Technologies for reduction of Automobile Pollution

Introduction One of the leading causes of global warming in the world today has been identified as carbon emissions resulting from the use of fossil fuels. The levels of pollution have indeed gone up by an alarming rate over the past few decades. This calls for the application of integrated efforts towards the reduction of the various sources of pollution.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Technologies for reduction of Automobile Pollution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Automobile sector has been identified as one of the leading causes of fossil fuel emissions; this can be attributed to the heavy usage of fossil fuels in the Automobiles that are used on the roads all over the world (EIA, 2007). In order to reduce the levels of pollution, there is a dire need to adopt new technologies that are aimed at reducing the amount of fossil fuel that is consumed in the automobile engines. Indeed it is very important t o note that the problems that are associated with the emissions from the automobiles are not only limited to pollution, but also present numerous health problems to the users of the automobiles. There have been numerous attempts to address the issue of the pollution that results from the use of automobiles in the transport sector; these efforts have been varied but they have all been aimed at reducing the amount of emissions that result from the use of fossil fuels in the engines of these automobiles. Efforts ranging from engine modifications to the development of hybrid vehicles and the use of special environmental friendly fuels such as bio-fuels are all aimed at creating a cleaner environment in the greater society. Overall the issue of automobile pollution has been addressed from a variety f angles but there is a need to look at the particular technologies that have been developed and whether they effectively solve the problem of pollution or they further on aggravate the situat ion (Farrell Brandt, 2006). With the increase in the world population the number of vehicles has also been increasing at a very fast rate and the issue of pollution has been posing a great challenge for the entire community. Thus technology remains the only option to enable in the reduction of the amount of emissions as a result of automobile use. There are various technologies that have been advocated for use in order to enable the reduction of the amount of pollution from automobiles, these technologies include the use of improved gasoline and diesel technology, use of hybrid cars that use fuel cells or the use of bio-fuels as an alternative to the conventional fuels.Advertising Looking for report on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this essay the use of bio-fuels as an alternative to the use of fossil fuels will be considered and the merits that it brings in terms of environmental pollution will be outlined. Ult imately the applicability of the use of bio-fuels in an organization will be considered and the associated recommendations will be given for the use of bio-fuels by an organization (Farrell et al., 2006a). The Bio-fuel Technology The use of bio-fuel technology has become advanced over the past few years and it has been adopted in many countries as an alternative to the use of fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel which are considered to be major environmental pollutants. Bio-fuel technology incorporates two products and these include bio-ethanol and bio-diesel; however there are also numerous challenges that arise in an effort to promote the use of bio-fuels as an alternative to the use of fossil fuels (Farrell et al., 2006a). Some of these challenges may include the sourcing of feedstock and the scaling up of the levels of production so as to be able to produce the fuels on a large scale level. There is also the challenge of engine modifications that are required to ensure that a vehicle can be able to run purely on bio-fuels as most of the current engines can only run on a mixture of bio-fuels and diesel or petrol. Bio-fuels are a product of living organisms and they result from metabolic action on by-products which may entail both organic and waste products. It is however important to consider that there is an important benchmark that must be met by these products in order to be considered as bio-fuels; 80% of the materials that are used as raw materials for the production of bio-fuels must be renewable materials. The origin of most of the materials that are used to produce bio-fuels is the process of photosynthesis; in this regard therefore, the process can be referred as having the origin of the energy from a solar source (Graboski, 2002). Bio-fuels generally entail the use of biomass to provide a suitable source of energy, by decomposing these biomass products, a suitable by-product is obtained and it is this product that is used as an alternative to fo ssil fuels mainly in the internal combustion engines. As stated earlier on the use of bio-fuels has been spurred by the growing debate on the need to reduce the amount of atmospheric pollution that results from the use of fossil fuels in the internal combustion engines. The most common bio-fuel technology specializes in the production of bio-fuels from biomass based wastes; these wastes include agricultural manure, crop residues as well as by-products from animals.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Technologies for reduction of Automobile Pollution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the biggest advantages that attracts the use of bio-fuels technology is the fact that there is an abundance of wastes that are readily available and can be used to prepare the bio-fuels, most of these wastes can be found in the local areas in large amounts, the conversion of the wastes to bio-fuels also leads to the production of another by-product that can be used as a fertilizer. The production and use of bio-fuels also ensures that the wastes are used in an environmentally friendly manner; this technology also offers a new business opportunity to the residents who wish to venture in the production of bio-fuels as a source of energy (Perlack et al., 2005) It is also very important to note that the production of bio-fuel also presents its own unique challenges that must be addressed if the technology is to be successfully adopted by an organization. One of these challenges relates to the competition of the bio-fuel materials with other uses that might be adopted for the same products such as fodder crops. However, the use of bio-fuels is advocated on the grounds that it presents a unique opportunity due to its ability to integrate well within the existing fuel distribution infrastructure in most of the nations worldwide. With the abundance of domestic supplies for the same, it is essential to note that the growth opportunities offered by bio-fuels for organizations are immense. Negative environmental aspects for bio-fuels There are various negative environmental effects that can be associated with the use of bio-fuels and one of these has been associated with the heat trapping of the emissions an aspect which is considered to contribute to global warming to some extent. The effect of the bio-fuel production process depends on the type of feedstock used and the production process and the inputs as well as the assumptions that are made in the process. There are also a number of concerns that are associated with the conversion of large amounts of land to be used for the purpose of growing the crops to be used for the purpose of producing the bio-fuels. In the production of bio-fuels there is a need to ensure that the issues that are related to the trapping of heat by the bio-fuels that are produced. While recognizing the fact that bio-fuels play a crucial role the reduction of the consu mption of fossil fuels that result in most of the carbon emissions in the environment, it is also equally important to consider any negative effects that result from the use of bio-fuels; this will aid in the development of appropriate technologies to ensure that the emissions are reduced and that the production of bio-fuel is wholly adapted as a process that reduces global warming to a significant extent.Advertising Looking for report on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sustainability of bio-fuels as a source of energy can only be proven if it causes a significant reduction in the carbon emissions that usually result from the use of fossil fuels (Williams, 2005). It is very important to consider the extent to which pollution from the automobile sector causes the depletion of the ozone layer; it is also very important to consider the fact that the depletion of the ozone layer results from the accumulation of the carbon emissions in the environment. Of equal importance is the recognition of the fact that the automobile sector is considered to be one of the greatest contributors to the issue of global warming, this there is a dire need to control the state of pollution right now and the bio-fuel technology presents a great opportunity to attain the relevant reductions in the amount of emissions that result in automobile pollution (Tilman Hill, 2007). The production of lead from the leaded gasoline is considered to be one of the key causes of the automobile pollution; the effects of this pollution are far reaching and they ultimately affect a person’s state of mind. The effect of the health of a person is usually affected by the carbon monoxide that is emitted from the use of fossil fuels in the automobile engines, the effect of carbon monoxide is very pronounced because carbon monoxide is a very dangerous gas. The vehicular emissions also comprise of carbon dioxide that is considered to be a heat trapping gas; this means that carbon dioxide has the ability to trap and retain heat and cause a subsequent rise in temperatures. The reduction in green house gas (GHG) emissions that can be achieved through the use of bio-fuels can be quite substantial depending on the source of bio-fuel that is used. Studies have shown that the use of ethanol from sugarcane results to a GHG emission reduction of between 80-100% and between 30% -50% for corn ethanol. As aforementioned, there are also other negative effects that are associat ed with the production of bio-fuels that need to be addressed effectively if the bio-fuels produced are to be used to cause a substantial reduction in the amount of emission that is produced by the automobiles that use fossil fuels as a source of energy (Worldwatch Institute, 2007). There are some gases that are emitted that are potentially harmful and these include Nitrogen II Oxide and these need to be addressed effectively before the use of bio-fuel technology can be adopted in any organization. Recommendations Therefore in the adoption of bio-fuel technology in any organization, there is a dire need to consider the following before the technology can be considered to be successful in the organization that has adopted this technology. The adverse effects that are associated with the use of bio-fuels on the environment can be greatly reduced through the use and practice of sustainable agricultural management practices. It is very important to consider the choice of feedstock which will be determined by the overall demand for the bio-fuels. The production limits are a key factor to be considered in the bio-fuel production because they ultimately determine the demand and applicability for the bio-fuel production technology. The use of organic wastes for bio-fuels ensures that the gains that are attained in case of environmental effects are more pronounced as opposed to the use of agricultural land to produce energy crops; biomass in this context can therefore be use for material purposes, later it can be reused and recycled and ultimately the energy content of the biomass material is ultimately regained and the benefits are enhanced. The use of feedstock rich in cellulose ensures that the bio-fuels that are produced are rich in terms f the energy content and environmental friendliness; therefore in order to maintain the long-term productivity of these systems, it is very crucial to ensure that there is addition of nutrients such as potassium into the process ( Williams, 2005). There could also be consideration for the production of fuels that are more suitable in the process of bio-fuels production. This includes the production of new liquid hydrocarbon fuels that are obtained from cellulosic biomass materials. The production of the liquid hydrocarbon fuels is seen and considered to be a better alternative as opposed to the production of ethanol from the cellulose; the advantages offered are considered in terms of the yields that are produced and in terms of the environmental effects. It is also important in the reduction of the conflicts that are likely to occur in the competition with the traditional industries that are based on the use of wood for the industrial processes. It is also important to consider the method of combustion that is used for the bio-fuels. This is because the method of combustion used will ultimately determine the magnitude of the environmental effect that can be attributed to the bio-fuels. The most preferable me ans of applying bio-fuels is to combust them directly in the engines to produce heat and electricity as opposed to their conversion to liquid fuels such as ethanol. It is also very important to consider the technologies that might be used to improve the production process for the bio-fuels. The technology used plays a critical role in determining the type of feedstock to be used as well the conversion technology to be utilized. The technology also plays a key role in ensuring that the biomass feedstock is effectively utilized in the production process. Thus in line with the production process, it is very important to put in place policies to ensure that there is sustainable bio-fuel production and that all the tools are in place to be able to monitor the implementation of the production process (Graboski, 2002). The ultimate goal for any organization adopting this technology should be the attainment of a product oriented certification for the bio-fuels. It is also very important to develop clear guidelines for the certification of the programs that are implemented by organizations in relation to the production of bio-fuels. This is important in determining the life-cycle of the products as well as the farming standards for the biomass materials; the criteria to be developed should effectively address all the issues in relation to land use, types of feedstock used and the utility for the products that are obtained. The use and application of liquid bio-fuels should be considered in line with the potential environmental effects and the aspect of creating competition with the food crops; it is important to consider meeting these goals without resulting to large scale conversion of large pieces of land. Conclusion It is quite evident that automobile pollution creates a great challenge in terms of its contribution to the issue of global warming. It is therefore very important for organizations to adopt technologies that are aimed at reducing the carbon emissions by using fuels that do not emit carbon to the environment. The use of bio-fuels presents an attractive alternative to the use of fossil fuels; however there are also environmental and sustainability challenges that should be addressed before bio-fuel technology can be adopted for use in organizations. References Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2007). Annual energy outlook 2007 with projections to 2030. DOE/EIA-0383(2007). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy. Farrell, A.E. and Brandt, A.R., (2006). Risks of the oil transition. Environmental Research Letters 1(0104004):6. Farrell, A.E., Plevin R.J., Turner B.T., Jones A.D, O’Hare, M., and Kammen, D.M. (2006a). ERG biofuel analysis meta-model. EBAMM Spreadsheet Model (v. 1.1). Berkeley, CA: Energy and Resources Group and Richard Rhoda Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California–Berkeley. Retrieved from http://rael.berkeley.edu/old_drupal/sites/default/files/EBAMM/ Graboski, M. (2002). Fossil e nergy use in the manufacture of corn ethanol. St. Louis: National Corn Growers Association, 108. Perlack, R.D., Wright L.L., Turhollow, A.F., Graham, R.L., Stokes, B.J. and Erbach, D.C. (2005). Biomass as feedstock for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry: The technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply. TM-2005-66. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy. Tilman, D., and Hill, J. (2007, March 25). Corn can’t solve our problem. Washington Post. Pg, 17. Williams, R.H. (2005). Climate-compatible synthetic liquid fuels from coal and biomass with CO2 capture and storage. Presentation to the California Energy commission. Worldwatch Institute. (2007). Biofuels for transport: Global potential and implications for sustainable energy and agriculture. London: Earthscan. This report on Technologies for reduction of Automobile Pollution was written and submitted by user Tianna Lopez to help you with your own studies. 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